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KONCEPCJE
Henryk Marszałek,
Michał Rysiukiewicz
THE
CONCEPT OF WATER ENVIRONMENT PROTECTION IN THE KARKONOSZE NATIONAL PARK
[KONCEPCJA
OCHRONY ŚRODOWISKA WODNEGO W OBSZARZE KARKONOSKIEGO PARKU NARODOWEGO]
Summary
Water
belonges to the most important elements of the natural environment of
Karkonosze Mts., forming a number of natural processes and representing
resource useful for supplying the local population with drinking water.
Therefore it should be protected and monitored continuously. The paper
presents the concept of water environment protection in the Karkonosze
National Park (KPN), including a proposal for monitoring the quantity
and quality of surface and groundwater in both, the whole area of the
Karkonosze Mts. and selected three representative catchments:
Kamieńczyk, Wrzosówka and Łomnica rivers. It has been proposed the
scheme of monitoring network arrangement with the range and frequency
of water as well.
WYNIKI
Krzysztof Chudy, Magdalena Bajor,
Aneta Chudy
CHEMICAL
COMPOSITION OF SURFACEWATER IN UPPER PART OF LESK STREAM
[SKŁAD
CHEMICZNY WÓD POWIERZCHNIOWYCH W ŹRÓDŁOWEJ CZĘŚCI POTOKU LESK]
Summary
In
1990, Polish coal mining was restructured due to change in
geological law, resulting in the closure of the Lower Silesia Coal
Region. After closure, the mines were flooded. This process caused
changes in the ground water and surface water environment. The aim of
this article is to evaluate surface water quality parameters The
research area is located in the upper part of the Lesk Stream catchment
area and in the Czerwony Stream catchment area (Wałbrzych part of Lower
Silesia Coal Region). This area has been subjected to environmental
stress from mining from the middle ages to the 1990s
Anna
Degórska, Tomasz Śnieżek
PARTICULATE
MATTER COMPOSITION AT PUSZCZA BORECKA STATION TAKING INTO ACCOUNT
ANTHROPOGENIC AND NATURAL EMISSION SOURCES INFLUENCE
[SKŁAD
PYŁU ZAWIESZONEGO NA STACJI PUSZCZA BORECKA Z UWZGLĘDNIENIEM
ODDZIAŁYWANIA ANTROPOGENICZNYCH I NATURALNYCH ŹRÓDEŁ EMISJI]
Summary
Particulate matter
content
is formed both by anthropogenic and natural sources. Important role
plays not only primary emission but also precursors emission
(especially for fine fraction). The article describes PM emission
sources as well as spatial variability of primary emission and
precursors emission in European Union. Chemical analysis was conducted
for fine particles (diameter less than 2,5 μm) and coarse particles
(diameter less than 10 μm), taken at Puszcza Borecka Integrated
Monitoring Station (owned by Institute of Environmental Protection –
National Research Institute). The difference between fine and coarse
fraction composition has been investigated, showing the main components
for each of them. Chemical composition was brought together with air
masses direction and the authors tried to show PM origin sources.
Krzysztof
Jarzyna
THERMAL STRESS
DIVERSITY DURING HEAT WAVES IN THE KIELECKA UPLAND IN THE BEGINNING OF
XXI CENTURY
[ZRÓŻNICOWANIE STRESU GORĄCA NA
WYŻYNIE KIELECKIEJ W CZASIE FAL UPAŁÓW NA POCZĄTKU XXI WIEKU]
Summary
The
topic of a study was the diversity of the hot weather occurrence in the
Kielce Upland, Central Poland, in the beginning of XXI century.
Diversity of the thermal sensation of a man during heat waves was
discussed too. The thermal sensation was estimated with use of the
effective temperature (TE) which joins the influence of the air
temperature and humidity together with wind speed on the man. Eight
heat waves, defined as at least 3 consecutive days with
tmax>30.0°C, has occurred in wide valleys and low plateaus of
the Kielce Upland since the beginning of XXI century. This number was
similar to values in adjacent regions. The longest heat wave registered
in the Kielce lasted 12 days, since 18th till 29th July 2006. Heat
waves were virtually absent atop the Świętokrzyskie Mts., the highest
part of the Kielce Upland. The thermal stress was less intense there as
compared to lower areas. However the thermal sensation class “very hot”
could appear there during hot weather periods too as a consequence of
higher air humidity and lower wind speed. The thermal stress was bigger
in the Kielce’s downtown when compared to the city’s peripheries,
especially in the evening and at night. It also appeared that
biometeorological conditions could be less favourable in rooms without
air conditioning than outdoors.
Małgorzata
Anna Jóźwiak
MACROSCOPIC
CHANGES OF HYPOGYMNIA PHYSODES (L.) NYL. IN ANTROPOGENIC STRESS
CONDITIONS
[ZMIANY
MAKROSKOPOWE PLECH HYPOGYMNIA PHYSODES (L.) Nyl. W WARUNKACH STRESU
ANTROPOGENICZNEGO]
Summary
Apparatus monitoring allows
estimation of physical and chemical parameters of examined biotopes.
Toxin concentration noted by apparatus influences life in examined
environment and its value. Bioindication methods supplement apparatus
monitoring. They consist in singling out organisms known as
biomanitors. They are sensitive to pollution and its presence allows
analysis of relation in order: toxin emission rate – concentration in
biotope – concentration in bioindicator. Taking everything into
consideration, it seems right to supplement research with observation
of type and speed of changes in bioindicators exposed to toxic
substances biologically activate and answer the question: what are the
symptoms of bioindicators’ reaction to environmental toxics? The
research with the use of transplanted lichens was carried out in
2004–2007. The results of the research are based on microscopic
analysis of 192 twigs with lichens transplanted in conurbation.
Microscopic observation was conducted with the use of scanning
microscope Nicon, and QUANTA 200. Additionally, microscopic pieces with
damages and colour changes underwent chemical analysis with ED-XRF
microanalyzer in scanning microscope carrying out chemical analysis of
thalli inside. Macroscopic analysis of Hypogymnia physodes thalli after
exposition in conditions of antropogenic stress allowed to single out
colouring changes. These are: whitening, browing, blackening,
blackening of thalli and changes in the thalli structure. We can
observe: crumbling of rosette fragments as a result of necrosis,
deforming as a result of bending and rolling parts of rosettes,
discppearance of lip sorallia and coming off the surface as a result of
rippling and drying up of thalli.
Rafał Kozłowski
INFLUENCE OF
CEMENT-LIME INDUSTRY ON THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF
PRECIPITATION IN A „BIAŁE ZAGŁĘBIE” REGION
[WPŁYW PRZEMYSŁU
CEMENTOWO-WAPIENNICZEGO NA WŁAŚCIWOŚCI FIZYCZNO-CHEMICZNE OPADÓW
ATMOSFERYCZNYCH NA TERENIE „BIAŁEGO ZAGŁĘBIA”]
Summary
This paper presents the impact
of cement-lime industry on the physico-chemical properties of
precipitation. Were selected the area of “Białe Zagłębie”, where
operate 4 cement-lime plants and Geoecological Station. The study was
conducted in forest ecosystem and analyzed the precipitation
transformation within the crowns and trunks of trees in the period
2002–2011. It was found that the maximum dust emission from cement-lime
plants occurred in 2003, it was 898,7 Mg. The study showed, that
emissions of dust into the atmosphere decrease in the last 10 years,
but the industry still affects the natural environment of this area, as
evidenced by the high value of pH in rainwater. The weighted average
annual pH value on precipitation was 5,35, with annual fluctuations
from 4,94 to 6,02. Significantly higher pH values were observed in the
troughfall, in the hornbeam-beech stand this value was 6,16 and 5,93 in
the pine stand.
Rafał Kozłowski, Krzysztof Jarzyna, Marek
Jóźwiak, Mirosław Szwed
INFLUENCE OF
CEMENT-LIME INDUSTRY ON THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF
SNOW COVER IN A „BIAŁE ZAGŁĘBIE” REGION IN FEBRUARY 2012
[WPŁYW PRZEMYSŁU
CEMENTOWO-WAPIENNICZEGO NA WŁAŚCIWOŚCI FIZYCZNO-CHEMICZNE I CHEMICZNE
POKRYWY ŚNIEŻNEJ NA TERENIE „BIAŁEGO ZAGŁĘBIA” W LUTYM 2012 ROKU]
Summary
The aim of the study was to
determine the effect of cement and lime industry, the quality of the
snow cover within Białe Zagłębie in the Świętokrzyskie Mountains.
Analyzed the meteorological and orographic conditions which determine
the keep of snow cover during the winter 2012 and identified emission
sources and determining the chemical properties water obtained from
melted snow collected in the field. Laboratory tests were carried out
using a gas chromatograph ion DIONEX ICS-300 multiparameter meter
CX-701 and ORIGIN 8.6 and STATISTICA and 10.0. software. The obtained
results allow to a large extent determine the role of snow cover as an
indicator of air pollution in an area with significant industrial
anthropogenic, indicating the serial nature of additional factors that
determine its size.
Tomasz
Lenard, Wojciech Ejankowski
FREQUENCY OF
SAMPLING IN LAKE TROPHY ESTIMATION BASED ON TSI INDICES
[CZĘSTOŚĆ POMIARÓW W OCENIE
TROFII ZBIORNIKA WODNEGO NA PODSTAWIE INDEKSÓW TSI]
Streszczenie
Zmienność elementów biologicznych i
parametrów chemicznych w ciągu roku i między latami mogą wpływać
negatywnie na dokładność oceny jakości stanu troficznego jeziora. Celem
pracy było określenie częstości pobierania prób niezbędnej do
prawidłowej oceny stanu zbiornika wodnego z wykorzystaniem wskaźników
stanu troficznego wg Carlsona (TSI). Wskaźniki TSI obliczane były z
wykorzystaniem stężenia chlorofilu-a, przezroczystości wody oraz
stężenia fosforu i azotu ogólnego. W pracy testowano kilka opcji
częstości i terminów zbioru danych. Wyniki wskazują, że zbiór danych w
ciągu dwóch lat, w przeciwieństwie do okresu jednego roku, zapewniał
adekwatną ocenę trofii jeziora. Najbardziej efektywny dobór terminów w
ocenie trofii zbiornika wodnego powinien uwzględniać przynajmniej
dwuletni okres badań, nawet jeśli każdego roku próby pobierane są tylko
raz.
Zdzisław Prządka, Anna Degórska, Krzysztof
Skotak
THE RELATIONSHIP
BETWEEN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF HEAVY METALS AND PM10 AND METEOROLOGICAL
PARAMETERS IN THE PUSZCZA BORECKA REGION IN THE YEARS 2005-2011
[ZALEŻNOŚĆ POMIĘDZY STĘŻENIAMI
METALI CIĘŻKICH I PYŁU PM10 A PARAMETRAMI METEOROLOGICZNYMI W REJONIE
PUSZCZY BORECKIEJ W LATACH 2005–2011 ]
Summary
The assessment of the impact
chosen meteorological parameters on the concentrations of particulate
matter (PM10) and it contains heavy metals at the level of regional
background in North-Eastern Poland was the aim of research. Analysis of
data based on the results of the measurements carried out on the
Puszcza Borecka Station of Institute of Environmental Protection –
National Research Institute in the years 2005–2011. The calculated
coefficients of determination are presented in terms of seasonal and
annual basis. Presented analyzes showed that most factors contributing
to the decrease in the PM10 concentration in the colder half of the
year are growth of height and duration of precipitation and increase in
wind speed. In the warm season, the intensity of the precipitation, the
air temperature and the intensity of the solar radiation play most
important rule. Effects of meteorological conditions on concentration
of heavy metals is varied. Referring to the highest concentrations of
metals (zinc, lead and arsenic), it can be concluded that in the colder
half of the year the factors contributing most to their decrease
concentrations are increase air temperature, increase irradiance and
decrease relative humidity of the air. In the warm half of the year,
the increase in intensity of solar radiation and precipitation, air
temperature and decrease relative humidity air contributes the most to
the decline concentration of most heavy metals contained in PM10
particulate matter. Effect of wind speed and air pressure on the
concentration of heavy metals in PM10 proved to be the smallest.
Grażyna
Szpikowska, Józef Szpikowski
PHYSICOCHEMICAL
PROPERTIES OF BEAVER WETLANDS WATER IN THE KŁUDA VALLEY
[WŁAŚCIWOŚCI FIZYKOCHEMICZNE
WÓD ROZLEWISK BOBROWYCH W DOLINIE KŁUDY (GÓRNA PARSĘTA)]
Summary
Beavers settle entails various
changes in the functioning of geoecosystems: hydrological (associated
with the conditions of flow and drainage of water from the catchment
and the conditions of retention), geomorphological, affecting the level
of biodiversity and affecting the water quality. Research undertaken in
the Kłuda catchment, a tributary of the upper Parsęta (Drawskie Lake),
focused on knowledge of water chemistry within the beaver wetlands. The
quality of these of waters compared with the chemistry of groundwater
in the adjacent slope system and river water. It was changes in the
oxygenation of groundwater and waters stagnant on the surface of beaver
wetlands. Reducing conditions in the waters of beaver wetlands reduce
the concentration of nitrate ions. The groundwater in the zones of
beaver wetlands reduction of the concentration of sulphate ions and
increase the concentration of ammonium ions and phosphate are observed.
Beaver wetlands in the Kłuda catchment partially limit loads
eutrophying components
EDUKACJA
Ewelina Kantowicz, Elżbieta Lonc
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION STUDIES FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TWO DECADES (1992–2012)
[STUDIA NA KIERUNKU OCHRONA
ŚRODOWISKA W PERSPEKTYWIE DWUDZIESTU LAT (1992–2012)]
Summary
Environmental protection
studies as a new interdisciplinary field of study was registrated in
the year 1991 but only in w 2011 year “environmental science” was
recognized as separate domain in the biological, chemical and
agricultural sciences. The first environmental science studies known in
Poland as Ochrona Środowiska were formed at the university natural
science faculties as 5 years courses. According to the Bologna
Declaration they were next changed for 3+2 system at the universities
as well as in the remaining no academic schools (colleges) public
(PWSZ) and no public ones. In the second decade of XXI century this
field of study provided by more than 60 higher education institutions
in Poland is faced to new challenges connected with the reform of
higher education system, the lack of formal ministry list of field of
studies and adaptation to the National Qualification Framework (KRK)
based on the nationally agreed standards of knowledge, skill and
competence, i.e. what student is expected to know, understand and be
able to do following successful completion of a process of learning in
two profiles (academic and application ones). In history retrospective
the most important events were characterized since the beginning of 90.
of XX century when the diverse higher education institutions and staff
was accompanied with different study programs showing the great spectra
of research problems with regard to the environmental science. In the
article the thematic programs of twenty national annual meetings named
“environmental studies at the university nature faculties” was
analyzed. Those conferences were organized by the Polish universities,
ie.: Uniwersytet Wrocławski (1993, 2003), Uniwersytet Jagielloński
(1994) together with PWSZ in Tarnów (2004); Uniwersytet Opolski (1995,
2007); Uniwersytet Warszawski (1996, 2006); Uniwersytet im. Adama
Mickiewicza (1997 and Collegium Polonicum in Słubice, 2005);Uniwersytet
Gdański (1998); Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej (1999);
Uniwersytet im. Mikołaja Kopernika in Toruniu (2000); Uniwersytet
Łódzki (2001);Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski (2002); Uniwersytet in
Białystok (2008); Uniwersytet Zielonogórski (2009); Uniwersytet Śląski
in Katowice (2010); Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w
Warszawie (2001); Uniwersytet Jana Kochanowskiego in Kielce (2012).
Conference proceedings concerned with the organization, management and
learning concepts of environmental protection studies, their quality
assurances and accredidation (UKA, PKA, international cooperation,
mostly within such programs as the ESSENCE, AUDES, TEMPUS i
ERASMUS-LLP, were discussed in the context of conclusions for future.
They are connected with the questions of interdisciplinarity of
environmental science learning changing from the diversified programs
via minimal programs and tough standards towards qualification
framework as well as with the research. Presence of “environmental
science” as the distinct domain should enhance the third level of
study. There is a urgent need the shaping of doctorate programs to the
requirements of KRK as it was done in the case of graduate and
undergraduate studies of environmental protection.
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