KONCEPCJE
Alojzy Kowalkowski
The possibilities to make use of the Integrated Natural
Environment Monitoring datas on the implementation of the Integrated Management System
[Możliwości wykorzystania danych Zintegrowanego Monitoringu Środowiska Przyrodniczego
we wdrażaniu Zintegrowanego Systemu Zarządzania]
Summary
The aim of this article is to present new ideas in the
development of the management of organizations as
a system of continuous innovations in an integrated
Quality, Environment, Safety and Hygiene of Work
Management System. The need of innovations has
been shown, specifically in the management system.
The functioning of an Integrated Monitoring of Natural
Environment System as a source af data has been
presented, based on it’s 15 years development. This
system is capable of presenting all needed data to all
government, or communal organizations, with appropriate
analysis. This system has vital signifficance for
the proper development of the country.
Anna Rabajczyk, Małgorzata Anna Jóźwiak
The possibilities of using macrophytes as bioindicators of heavy metals occurring
in sediments
[Możliwości wykorzystania makrofitów jako bioindykatorów metali ciężkich
zdeponowanych w osadach dennych]
Summary
The Water Framework Directive introduced a new
approach to evaluation and classification of waters including
surface ones by defining an ecological condition.
According to the Water Framework Directive,
physiochemical and hydromorphological criteria play
only supporting role in ecological condition determination,
while emphasis is placed on use of biological
criteria.
METODY
Ryszard Świetlik, Marzena Trojanowska
Chemical fractionation methods used in environmental studies
[Metody frakcjonowania chemicznego stosowane w badaniach środowiskowych]
Summary
Trace metals in environmental solid samples may exist
in different chemical forms or ways of binding. It is now
widely recognized that the toxicity and the mobility of
metals depend strongly on their specific chemical forms
and physical phases. In environmental studies the determination
of different species gives more information on
trace metal mobility, as well as on their availability or
toxicity in comparison with the total element content.
Sequential extraction techniques are commonly used to
chemical fractionation the solid-phase forms of metals
in environmental samples. Many sequential extraction
procedures have been developed for different solid
samples (sediments, soils, sludge) and, despite numerous
criticism, they remain very useful in environmental
studies. The choice of procedure must be related to
a definite objective, taking into account the nature of
the sample.
This article reviews the methods used to chemical fractionation
of metals in different environmental solid
samples. Quantification of main phases associations of
trace elements in soils and sediments helps in understanding
geochemical processes in order to evaluate the
remobilization potential and the risk induced.
WYNIKI
Anna Andrzejewska, Adam Olszewski
Immission
of SO2, NO2 and O3 to Integrated Monitoring Base Station “Pożary” on ground of automatic measurements
provided by Voivodship Inspectorate for Environmental Protection in Warsaw in 2004-2007
[Imisja SO2, NO2 i O3 na terenie Stacji Bazowej „Pożary” na podstawie pomiarów
automatycznych Mazowieckiego Wojewódzkiego Inspektoratu Ochrony Środowiska w latach 2004-2007]
Summary
Automatic measurements of air pollution are provided
on The Integrated Monitoring Base Station “Pożary”
in Granica village since 2004. Concentration of
SO2, NO2, O3 and meteorological parameters are measured
hourly. Gases concentration were analized according
to their dependance on air temperature, wind
speed and direction and time of the day. The grow of
SO2 and NO2 with decrease of temperature is evident.
Higher concentrations of SO2 and NO2 during low wind
speed indicate comparatively close emmission sources.
Witold Bochenek, Marek Jóźwiak, Małgorzata Kijowska, Rafał Kozłowski
Differentiation of throughfall in
select sylvan ecosystems in Świętokrzyskie Mountains and Low Beskids
[Zróżnicowanie opadu podkoronowego w wybranych
ekosystemach leśnych w Górach Świętokrzyskich i w Beskidzie Niskim]
Summary
Physiochemical properties and chemistry of atmospheric
precipitation being influenced by air pollution are
key elements contributing to present degradation of natural
environment. The purpose of this study is to present
spatial diversity of throughfall in sylvan ecosystem
of Świętokrzyskie Mountains and Low Beskids. The
measurements of physiochemical properties (pH, SEC)
of throughfall were performed in 7-day cycle during research
in the field.
It was observed that in fir-stand and spruce-stand a versatile
transformation of chemical properties of water
penetrating tree-crowns takes place which is caused by
the age of the trees forming a beech-stand and morphological
features of tree-crowns of both species.
Horizontal distribution of rainfall contributes to diversity
of physiochemical properties of water of throughfall.
Their high frequency in Świętokrzyskie Mountains
forms properties of water of throughfall beneath firs.
No similar effect is observed in spruce-stand in Low
Beskids.
Andrzej Harat, Arnošt Grmela
Impact of mine water from The Upper Silesian Coal Basin areas on
change quality of water in Olza river in years 2000–2007
[Wpływ wód kopalnianych Górnośląskiego Zagłębia Węglowego na zmiany jakości
wody w rzece Olza w latach 2000–2007]
Summary
In the following article, the assessment of mine water
from USCB area on the change of water quality in Olza
river in years 2000-2007 was presented. The impact in
this field is confirmed by surface water tests in Poland
and Czech Republic. Presented activity is also a great
example of long-term and fruitful cooperation between
neighboring countries which comes from international
agreement in terms of environmental monitoring.
Presented data were obtained from Povodi Odry and
WIOS.
Andrzej Jaguś
Qualitative changes of soil water outflows in the conditions of reduced
range of fertilizers (on an example of grasslands located in the mountainous area
[Zmiany jakościowe odpływów wód glebowych w warunkach recesji gospodarki nawozowej (na
przykładzie górskich użytków zielonych]
Summary
The article presents the qualitative assessment of
soil water outflows leaving the grasslands located in the
mountainous area (Polish Carpathians). The area taken
into consideration was enriched by varied amounts of
fertilizers. The research project was based on lysimetric
and draining water analyses. It was established that
reduced amounts of fertilizers caused a subsequent decrease
in most soil macro-compounds. However, their
concentrations remain in safe levels, which do not pose
a threat to the environment.
Katarzyna Sawicka-Kapusta, Marta Zakrzewska,
Gabriela Bydłoń, Anna Pizło, Agnieszka Marek
Air pollution in the Base Stations of the Integrated Nature Monitoring System on the base
of heavy metals and sulphur concentrations in lichen Hypogymnia physodes in 2007
[Zanieczyszczenie powietrza na
terenie Stacji Bazowych ZMŚP w 2007 roku na podstawie koncentracji metali ciężkich i siarki w plechach porostu
Hypogymnia physodes]
Summary
In 2007 air pollution by heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu,
Zn, Fe Cr, Ni) and SO2 in the Base Station of Integrated
Nature Monitoring System was estimated using
lichen Hypogymnia physodes as bioindicator. In July
2007 lichen samples from natural environment were
collected in six Base Stations (Puszcza Borecka, Wigry,
Storkowo, Pożary, Św.Krzyż, Szymbark). During
winter season 2006/2007 and summer season 2007 lichens
Hypogymnia physodes were transplanted for six
months to three Base Stations (Koniczynka, Św. Krzyż,
Szymbark). Different air pollution of the Base Stations
were found. The lowest concentrations of the most of
analysed heavy metals were found in Storkowo and Wigry
Base Station. A high concentration of cadmium and
lead, higher than in 2005, were found in lichen collected
in Puszcza Borecka. Base Stations located in central
and southern part of Poland had higher concentrations
of heavy metals mainly cadmium lead and iron than
those from the North of the country. In the all Base Stations
high concentrations of sulphur were found which
confirm air contamination by sulphur dioxide. No statistical
differences in metals and sulphur accumulation
in transplanted lichens between winter 2006/2007 and
summer 2007 seasons were found. It shows no impact
of heating season on air contamination in winter
2006/2007.
Franciszek Woch
Soil
protection from erosion in countryside development in Poland
[Ochrona gleb przed erozją realizowana w Polsce w procesie urządzania obszarów wiejskich]
Summary
In the article, polish and european activities focused
on rural areas development and environment modeling
have been compared and analyzed. It has been stated,
that in Poland, fundamental process of land modeling is
still land consolidation, but in EU - complex rural areas
rearrangement (based on the land consolidation).
So far, carried on in Poland land consolidation has
made bad influence on agricultural environment in of
soil erosion. For eliminating this disadvantageous impact,
additional activities should be introduced, like antierosion
melioration, aforestation, land recultivation or
creating biotops.
In the article analyzed organizations (land arrangement)
metod environment of soil erosion between in
Poland (arrangement of agricultural road end border of
a ground, transformations of land with adaptation to natural
conditions - land afforestation end green lands allocation,
protection antierosion afforestation, hydromeliorations
with reconstruction of water level, ecological
areas allocation).
EDUKACJA
Maciej Jóźwiak, Krzysztof Wierzbowski
System of Guarantees of Origin of Electricity from Renewable Sources
[System gwarancji pochodzenia energii elektrycznej ze źródeł odnawialnych]
Summary
The article presents fundamental Polish and EU legal
acts and strategic documents. The analysis of the
regulation shows the consecutive stages of action taken
by the European community and Polish government
aimed on the implementation effective methods of production
electricity from renewable sources. During the
analysis the author begins with the documents created
in 1994 and ends with the perspectives and plans for
development of energy renewable sources till 2017.
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